Saturday, July 14, 2018

African American Maternal Mortality

And maternal age and health status the. According to the CDC black mothers in.

Maternal Mortality Rates In The U S Are Shockingly High Especially For Black Women Children S Institute

PTSD associated with womens experiences of racism impacts perinatal outcomes.

African american maternal mortality. Studies found persistent negative outcomes in African-American maternal mortality even when participants were controlled for significant educational and socioeconomic differences. Black women in the United States are more likely to die from pregnancy or childbirth than women in any other racial group. 94 of our deliveries are minority mothers and minor furor is maternal mortality rate of point 01.

Disparities Across the Nation. Maternal Mortality among African American Women in the State of Georgia Causes Policy and Ethical Considerations. As a result of pregnancy or its complications.

M Hsia J. The impact of the pandemic among African-Americans could further worsen the racial disparities in maternal mortality MM and severe maternal morbidity SMM. Too many Black women are dying in pregnancy and childbirth.

14 In the United States pregnancy-related mortality is three to four times higher among Black women than among White women. African American mothers are three times. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic African-American mothers were three times as likely to die from pregnancy-related causes compared to white mothers.

In a statement the hospital spokesperson saying. Black American Indian and Alaska Native AIAN women are two to three times more likely to die from pregnancy-related causes than white women and this disparity increases with age researchers from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC report today in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report MMWR. Posted Mar 06 2020 The United States has the highest maternal and infant mortality.

Research demonstrates the link between racism and post-traumatic stress disorder PTSD which may be one mechanism through which gendered racism contributes to black womens increased risk of maternal mortality as PTSD is associated with cardiovascular disease and earlier mortality from any cause 27. Black mothers die at a rate thats 33 times greater than whites and Native American or Alaskan Native women die at a rate 25 times greater than whites according to. They are up to five times more likely according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC Petersen et al 2019.

In recent years as high rates of maternal mortality in the US. The purpose of this review is to explore the causes policy and ethical contextual factors contributing to increased maternal mortality rates among African American women in the State of Georgia. One of the most disturbing considerations for the disproportionate incidence of maternal mortality among African-American women is the chronic stress presented by the discrimination that black women experience in the rest of their livesthe double whammy of race and genderthat may ultimately be the most significant factor in poor maternal outcomes 10 Such.

For example a comparative analysis of African-American n60 and Caucasian n47 females presented a 307 to 1 ratio of pregnancy-related death between the two demographics respectively. American IndianAlaska Native and Black women are 2 to 3 times as likely to die from a pregnancy-related cause than white women. Reducing maternal mortality is one of the significant challenges facing the health system in the United States especially in the State of Georgia which has one of the highest MMR in the nation.

Black maternal health disparities. About 700 women die each year in the US. Yet between 2000 and 2013 high Black maternal death rates placed the United States second worst in maternal mortality among 31 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development nations.

Indeed one study showed that aer controlling for income. Have alarmed researchers one statistic has been especially concerning. Black women in the United States are more likely to die from pregnancy or childbirth than women in any other race group.

African American women remain at higher risk for maternal and infant mortality.

Friday, July 13, 2018

Sustainability Plan Example

It focuses on implementation and organizational infrastructure and processes as well as the fiscal strategies and resources for sustainability. Several years ago together with my friend Antonia Kuyumji I prepared a plan for a fast-growing company with a goal of improving its sustainability.

Developing A Sustainability Plan In A Project Proposal Proposalforngos

The following chart provides a hypothetical example of a sustainability plan for an evidence-informed innovation.

Sustainability plan example. Assemble a planning team 2. Review the programs mission and purpose 3. Incorporate the resources and time required to execute the Sustainability Management Plan in the project budget and schedule.

The sustainability plan is basically a document that describes how your project will be sustained in the long term. Ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all at all ages Goal 4. View Sample Sustainability Plans.

Plan ComponentMethod Action Steps Timeline Develop Vision Mission Case for Support Create internal staff team to guide planning process. Sample Sustainability Section In the past year Philanthropy by Design PBD has approached several new grantmakers for support and we are pleased to report that PBD has received grants from the San Francisco Foundation for technical assistance and capacity building the True North Foundation the van Loben Sels Foundation and GATX Capital Corporation. This theme of UWE s Sustainability Plan contributes to meeting the following Sustainable Development Goals Goal 1.

Develop distribute and implement this Sustainability Management Plan. Fore example you may describe your needs as wanting to continue your current work while phasing in a slow expansion of efforts in some key areas eg the network may be planning to phase in support of a set of regional networks so that the network will be well. For example the UNs sustainable development goals encompass a broad spectrum of environmental goals such as clean energy and climate action as well as goals for economic growth hunger poverty health education equality peace and justice.

The sustainability plan has become more and more important because donors would like to fund projects that have the. We recommend you do at least a 12-months plan and preferable a 3-year plan. And why it is needed.

Company Sustainability Plan Template. End hunger achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture Goal 3. Companies often categorize sustainability into three pillars.

This document focuses on community sustainability financial sustainability and organizational sustainability. A less common variation is organisations that plan to set up a private company which would then donate to the program. 2 Adapted and modified from the Finance Project Framework.

Environment Social and Economic. DEVELOP A SUSTAINABILITY ACTION PLAN. Review the Program Sustainability Assessment Tool results 4.

End poverty in all its forms everywhere Goal 2. Download Action Planning Template 1. A sustainability plan provides a means of bringing everything together under a set of goals and metrics and provides a vision for the future development of the jurisdiction.

The Project Manager shall. Assessing your program to inform planning and document results. For example setting up an import business and using the profits to fund an early learning program.

A sustainability plan works best when it is used and reviewed on a continual basis. Prioritize the key areas of sustainability capacity to address first 6. Develop and update the P5 Impact Analysis P5IA with the support of the Project Team and include it in the project plan.

Sustainability Action Plan The following sample plan shows action steps you can take during the first year. Sustainability planning should be done throughout the life of an initiative. Determine which program elementsactivities should be maintained eliminated or adapted 5.

The following is a partial example. Download Action Planning Template 2. Based on a plausible but fictitious scenario the innovation targets anger management issues in youth who have been.

We hope these samples can give you some direction as you write your own plan. A good sustainability plan is a roadmap that will help all stakeholders successfully reach their goals2. Reassess sustainability capacity annually.

If your project falls into this category then the sustainability section should look more like a business plan. Implement the Sustainability Action Plan. This often covers quality of education affordability efficiency infrastructure school culture organizational excellence student experience employee satisfaction leadership development research sustainability and community and alumni engagement.

Sample Sustainability Action Plans We have developed examples of action plans for the Program Evaluation Partnerships and Communications domains. Creating a framework for long-term sustainability is the end goal of developing a sustainabil-.

How Long To Recover From Shingles

5 Options May Help You. The blisters will scab over and begin to heal which takes from 1 to 3 weeks unless the rash is on your scalp in.

How To Survive Shingles And Not Go Totally Crazy The Healthy Maven

With a mild case of shingles new vesicle formation is often limited to 1 or 2 days and fewer vesicles usually form than with more severe cases.

How long to recover from shingles. You should take time off. Most cases of shingles last around two to four weeks. Shingles normally lasts 3 to 5 weeks but there are some factors that may affect how long it takes to heal.

It could be as little as a few days up to a week especially if treatment is initiated early. The majority of people who get shingles have signs and symptoms that last about three to five weeks. It lasted at least 4 weeks Im afraid.

Learn more about what to expect. Some testimonials confirm that colloidal silver will heal your shingles in a day or two. Expecting little of oneself reminding yourself that youre convalescing every day cancelling anything extra and getting plenty of sleepall good.

Abnormal skin sensations continue during the eruptive phase and gradually diminish as the rash goes away. Burning Lingering Pain After Shingles. Adding a cornstarch-baking soda mixture to your water is something you must remember to do.

Symptoms around your face and eyes can sometimes take up to a. Roughly 30 to 60 of people over age 60 who get shingles go on to develop a. The recovery time from shingles varies enormously.

What Can You Do About Shingles. Shingles is a painful rash. Remember you want to heal from shingles in the shortest time possible so you need to follow the instructions very carefully.

Numbing creams or patches such as lidocaine Lidoderm or capsaicin Capzasin to reduce pain. The active virus travels along a nerve to your skin and causes a rash. For moderate pain and irritation you can use.

After you get chickenpox the virus stays in your body for several years without causing any symptoms. It is most frequently like flu so you would expect two to three weeks of feeling unwell. Then after 1 to 5 days the burning feeling will go away but a red rash may appear on the skin.

In the beginning you may feel burning or tingling pain accompanied by numbness or itching on the skin. According to statistics the blisters of shingles are usually crusted within 7 to 10 days and then clear completely after 3 to 5 weeks. Recovery Pattern For most people with symptoms of shingles the following recovery pattern occurs.

Do things that take your. Apply a cool washcloth to your blisters to ease the pain and help dry the blisters. The blisters continue to form for three to five days The skin returns to normal after two to four weeks.

Anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen Advil to reduce pain and swelling. Antihistamines such as diphenhydramine Benadryl to reduce itching. Shingles occurs when the virus becomes active again.

Get plenty of rest and eat well-balanced meals. The vesicles typically crust over within a week with complete healing in 2 to 4 weeks. Treatment for shingles can include.

Blisters begin to burst or weep about 5 days after they develop and lasts from 7 to 10 days. Treating shingles Although theres no cure for shingles treatment is available to relieve the symptoms until the condition resolves. And if you feel lowdepressedas though its not going to get better thats all normal too for a few weeks.

Try simple exercises like stretching or walking. However about 50 of those over 60 years of age who dont get treated may develop postherpetic neuralgia a condition that can result in chronic mild to even excruciating pain. Shingles is caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox varicella-zoster.

Check with your doctor before starting a new exercise routine. As you recover you will typically go through these stages. Outlook for people with shingles in the eye Your shingles rash should heal within one to three weeks.

Ive also seen patients experience the rash the burning the tingling upwards of three to six weeks. However some people go on to have a much slower.

Thursday, July 12, 2018

Medicine Organization Ideas

Choose acrylic organizer trays and containers to. Get ready to tackle these medicine cabinet organization ideas.

Medication Organizer Ideas Storage Solutions

First empty contents into a box or a bin and wipe down shelves.

Medicine organization ideas. Some of them I really enjoy cleaning and organizing while some of them I avoid like the plague. Toss anything thats expired useless or wrecked. The back of the door is also an excellent place for stick-on pods for your makeup and toothbrushes.

Youll be able to add clips hooks and more. Just attach sheet metal to the inside of your cabinet door. Despite having a medicine cabinet upstairs all this has gravitated to a kitchen cabinet and became a total mess.

Put all the stuff that would normally be cluttering up the front of your fridge on the inside of your cupboard instead. I feel that organization helps home run smoother especially for the last few minutes b4 you dart out the door for appointments or school. Or place magnetic sheets behind your shelves to make the entire medicine cabinet magnetic.

How to Organize Your Beauty Products. Love your medicine storage charts. Paint the inside of the medicine cabinet with chalkboard paint.

While my kids have gone from infant medicines to childrens formulas to now in some cases adult medicine I still had all sorts of things tucked away in small plastic crates that had long-since passed their prime. Dec 27 2019 - Explore Gina Carpenters board Organize medicine followed by 249 people on Pinterest. I rotate through my house in areas that I need to cleanorganize.

Jul 27 2014 - Explore Jacqueline Sutherlands board medicine organization followed by 136 people on Pinterest. Use different colored bottles caps or markings to help group and locate specific kinds of medications says Elliott. Theres only one way to approach organizing a medicine cabinet says Chip and thats from scratch.

Since most medicine cabinets are only 3- to 4-inches deep look for narrow organizer trays to fit this limited space. I must admit that my medicine cabinet is one of those places. Instead keep pills in separate bottles but color-code them which is a super effective strategy for how to organize medications.

Medicine cabinet organization ideas. Remove everything from the shelves and completely empty the cabinet. Im looking for storage organization ideas to make our small home more homey spacious.

Here are all of the items I used to complete this organizing project. See more ideas about medicine cabinet organization organization hacks medicine organization. See more ideas about medicine organization organization organization hacks.

Medicine Storage Ideas. If you really want to take control you need to start fresh. Collection by Jacqueline Sutherland.

Cricut Explore Cutting Machine. Medicine Cabinet Organization Sources. May 3 2017 - Explore Tracy Whites board Medicine Cabinet Organization followed by 239 people on Pinterest.

It is our medicine cabinet our hub our first aid area essential oil storage and so much morebut believe me when you open the cabinet door what you find inside is a frightening sight. Lifestyle expert Shoana Jensen has the most effective way to optimize the organization and product use in your medicine cabinet. Put all those meds and supplies into their own drawers and stop searching through the whole mess.

See more ideas about medicine organization organization medicine cabinet organization. How do you approach medicine cabinet organization in. May 22 2020 - Explore Bryan Mahdis board Medicine organization followed by.

The best way to take care of a messy medicine cabinet is to start over. See more ideas about medicine cabinet organization cabinet organization organization. Small Bins with Adjustable Dividers.

Its a smart way to keep track of items you run out of in the. Slap a red label or a heart-shaped sticker on all your heart medications for example. Ever sine moving into our house we have used the corner cabinet as the hub of the house.

What Can Depression Lead To

Dealing with depression is not nearly so simple however and failing to get treatment for depression can lead to serious consequences. If youre watching more news than you need or otherwise paying the most attention to negative content then yes it will contribute to depression says Aimee Daramus PsyD a licensed clinical psychologist based in Chicago IL.

How Does Depression Affect The Body By Shania Kelly Medium

Many people have fleeting thoughts of suicide at some usually difficult time in their life.

What can depression lead to. Depression is an extremely serious mental health condition that can become deadly if it isnt treated. People with either type of bipolar disorder can experience the following symptoms depending on whether they are experiencing a manic or depressive phase. Ad Emuaid Gave Me My Life Back I Am So Thankful For This Amazing Product.

It can distort how you see yourself your life and those around you. Ad Emuaid Gave Me My Life Back I Am So Thankful For This Amazing Product. Depression has many possible causes such as genetics brain chemicals and your life situation.

Theres also increasing evidence of. The lows of depression may be more obvious or recognizable which can contribute to a misdiagnosis of depression. Some people dismiss depression as if it is all in the mind and that all a person has to do to get rid of it is to get over whatever problem is causing the depression.

Chronic stressful life situations can increase the risk of developing depression if you arent coping with the stress well. In this article learn about the physical effects that doctors. Depression can also be a result of hormonal changes and changes in the immune system that are common with MS.

Although you can implement those tips to gain focus despite depression you ultimately want to treat the underlying disorder. They range from lasting feelings of sadness and hopelessness to losing interest in the things you used to enjoy and feeling very tearfulThe severity of the symptoms can vary. Depression treatment may include medication andor therapy with studies suggesting that a combination of.

How does depression lead to suicidal thinking. Doomscrolling can further sour your view of the world. Long-term it can also affect their body in ways that may be serious.

Corticosteroids a common treatment for MS can also lead to depression. Depression does not only affect a persons mood and emotions. Sufferers of depression can see things in a more negative light than non-sufferers and sometimes are often find it difficult to see the positive in a situation and focus on the negatives.

The symptoms can range from difficulty concentrating to thoughts of suicide and death. Treatment for Depression. One of the most painful symptoms of depression is hopelessness.

In many people untreated depression can lead to suicidal thoughts or attempts. The question of whether psychotic depression can lead to schizophrenia calls for careful consideration. According to the NHS 2014 Depression affects people in different ways and can cause a wide variety of symptoms.

Yes absolutely tachycardia often accompanies depression for two main reasons- Firstly anxiety is often co-existent with depression and anxiety causes release of adrenaline and noradrenaline from the adrenal medulla. Although psychotic depression itself cannot evolve into schizophrenia when severe depression is untreated or undertreated its possible for the resulting distress and side effects to trigger an underlying psychotic disorder such as. What Can Depression Lead To.

Thnks for asking me Ramiz. But they typically counter that with thoughts about all.

How Does Cholesterol Medicine Work

It travels around the body in lipoproteins. This means there is a lower amount of cholesterol stored in the liver which leads to more cholesterol being cleared from the.

Cholesterol Lowering Treatments Side Effects Everyday Health

On its own a 10-mg dose can reduce LDL cholesterol levels by 1719 a major benefit.

How does cholesterol medicine work. Bile acid resins reduce cholesterol in the blood by preventing bile acids from being reabsorbed. These drugs work within the liver to directly prevent the formation of cholesterol and can lower LDL cholesterol by as much as 40 percent. Brand Names and Doses.

They typically work on LDL cholesterol reducing it by between 15 percent to 30 percent and slightly increasing HDL by up to 5 percent. Niacin at a dose of 2 grams a day is effective at lowering cholesterol. They work by blocking a substance your body needs to make cholesterol.

A type of cholesterol-lowering drug ezetimibe Zetia is assuming a significant clinical role. Without this enzyme the liver cannot produce more cholesterol and therefore your blood cholesterol drops. While the medication starts working within a few hours it will probably take at least two weeks before any impact on cholesterol levels will be significant.

The amount of each that circulates in your blood is added together to form your total cholesterol number. Niacin lowered my cholesterol and raised my HDL 50 percent. When cholesterol levels drop too low the serotonin receptors cannot work.

For people who have dangerously high cholesterol doctors will often recommend medications to help bring blood pressure down. Two types of lipoprotein carry the parcels of cholesterol. The way Zetia works is it reduces cholesterol absorption from the small intestine so there is less cholesterol delivered to the liver.

Medicines are used to lower fats in the blood particularly LDL cholesterol. There are two types of cholesterol. By Mayo Clinic Staff.

Having high cholesterol increases your risk of a heart attack or stroke due to a blood clot. High-density lipoprotein HDL or good cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein LDL or bad cholesterol. Be aware of the flush.

These medications are designed specifically for people with high cholesterol or people who are at risk for cardiovascular disease. Some keep your liver from making as much cholesterol as it normally would. Medicines that lower cholesterol work in different ways.

Lowering cholesterol isnt the only benefit associated with statins. Lipitor gradually decreases the amount of total cholesterol LDL cholesterol known as bad cholesterol and triglycerides. Colestipol is a type of drug called a bile acid binding resin that works by binding to the bile acids in the intestinal lumen so that they cant be absorbed into the bloodstream.

Thus focus on total cholesterol can be confusing as it may be elevated due to high HDL cholesterol. Because there is variability in quality from manufacturer the amount of monacolin K can vary widely from product to product. The drug acts by blocking the intestinal absorption of cholesterol in a different way than the resins do.

Statins are a group of medicines that can do this. They often reduce LDL or bad cholesterol by up to 50 and increase a patients HDL or good cholesterol by up to 15. Statins work by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase an enzyme the liver uses to manufacture the cholesterol.

Statins are drugs that can lower your cholesterol. Research also shows that these drugs can reduce the risk of death from cardiovascular disease. Some red yeast rice products contain a substance monacolin K that is chemically identical to the active ingredient in lovastatin Altoprev a prescription medication that lowers cholesterol.

Others prevent your intestines from absorbing cholesterol into your blood. It does not mix with the blood which is water-based. The two most effective types are atorvastatin and rosuvastatin.

One type prompts your liver to break down cholesterol so your body can. Statins work by reducing the formation of artery-clogging plaque. Different statins may have different ways of taking them.

Cholesterol is vital to proper neurological function. These medications have also been linked to a lower risk of heart disease and stroke. Cholesterol is an oil-based substance.

Taking a blood thinner might help lower that risk. These drugs are mainly used to prevent blood clots in. These drugs may help stabilize the plaques on blood vessel walls and reduce the risk of certain blood clots.

Typically triglycerides are not touched by bile acid resinsand may actually raise triglycerides levels. It plays a key role in the formation of memory and the uptake of hormones in the brain including serotonin the bodys feel-good chemical. It is a burning reaction skin tingling that starts in the forehead and goes to the toes.

The standard treatment generally begins with statins. This helps to reduce the LDL cholesterol in your blood and reduce your risk of cardiovascular events such as heart attack and stroke.

Wednesday, July 11, 2018

Erie Evanston Skokie Health Center

We have compiled prices provided by users and online research. In order to obtain actual costs please contact Erie Evanston - Skokie Health Center directly.

Erie Evanston Skokie Health Center Legat Architects

General Info Erie EvanstonSkokie Health Center is Eries first location outside of Chicago.

Erie evanston skokie health center. 1285 Hartrey Ave Evanston IL 60202. Erie EvanstonSkokie provides a wide variety of services for adults and children including primary care womens health care prenatal care pediatric care and behavioral health care. The Erie EvanstonSkokie Health Center hosted a ribbon cutting ceremony Wednesday to unveil an 8500 square foot expansion to their building that includes 17 new exam rooms.

312 666-3494 Clinic Details. California 7 th Floor Chicago IL 60625 Phone. About Erie Evanston Skokie Health Center.

13 reviews of Erie Evanston-Skokie Health Center This place was a NIGHTMARE. Erie EvanstonSkokie Health Center. Erie EvanstonSkokie provides a wide variety of services for adults and children including primary care womens health care prenatal care pediatric care and behavioral health care.

Erie EvanstonSkokie Health Center - Evanston Community Health Center. Erie EvanstonSkokie Health Center serves our neighbors on the North Shore. Costs are displayed for informational purposes for our users.

Adult and Senior Health. Erie Family Health Centers is an independent 501c3 non-profit organization. Erie EvanstonSkokie Health Center.

Erie Evanston - Skokie Health Center Service Rates Attention We cannot guarantee the clinic costs to be completely accurate. Medical Health Care Erie EvanstonSkokie offers comprehensive womens health services including. Erie Evanston-Skokie Health Center - Evanston IL.

Retrofit transforms 65-year-old eyesore into inviting community health center. This is the Erie EvanstonSkokie Health Center located in Evanston IL. A retrofit converts a 1940s-era manufacturing facility into a 16000-square-foot community health clinic.

254b and also a deemed Public Health Service employer under 52 USC233g-n. - Basic infertility treatment - Breast and cervical cancer screenings - Cervical cancer screenings pap smears - Chronic gynecological issues. From Erie Family Health Center Website.

This health center receives HHS funding and has federal Public Health Service deemed status with respect to certain health or health-related claims including medical malpractice claims for itself and its covered individuals. Below are a few resources you may find helpful. Erie EvanstonSkokie Health Center 1285 Hartrey Ave Evanston IL 60202 SERVICE PROVIDER INFORMATION.

1285 Hartrey Ave Evanston IL 60202 Phone. Erie Evanston Skokie Health Center is a group practice with 1 location. They also offer labs and tests on-site.

Vibrant colors natural light and an efficient. Currently Erie Evanston Skokie Health Center specializes in Family Medicine and Psychology with 2 physicians. I was 3 months pregnant and doctor Marsh found irregularity in my pap.

Paying for Your Visit. Services Offered at Erie HealthReach Waukegan Health Center. Resources in Evanston and Skokie Find housing help food pantries support services and more resources near you.

Erie Evanston Skokie Health Center is a walk-in clinic that is open late and after hours patients can also conveniently book online using Solv. Erie Family Health Center Skokie Illinois. Proudly supported by United Way of Lake County and United Way of Metropolitan Chicago.

Erie EvanstonSkokie Health Center is Eries first location outside of Chicago. Contact or get to the Erie EvanstonSkokie Health Center and learn on the health services that are available to you and your family. They are open today from 1000AM to 200PM helping you get immediate care.

Erie Family Health Center is a Health Center Program grantee under 42 USC. Erie Family Health Center delivers high-quality culturally-sensitive bilingual health care to more than 63000 medical patients and 9500 dental patientsOur community-based health care centers offer high-quality care - and a higher quality of life - regardless of a patients ability to pay erie clinic humboldt park. Erie Family Health Center is an independent 501c3 non-profit organization.

Erie EvanstonSkokie provides a wide variety of services for adults and children including primary care womens health care prenatal care pediatric. She said she didnt know what it was and had to send my results to pathology and she assured me she would call me in a week when she knew the results. Erie Evanston Skokie Health Center is an urgent care center and medical clinic located at 1285 Hartrey Ave in EvanstonIL.

Being pregnant I was anxiously waiting for her call a week later. Erie EvanstonSkokie Health Center is Eries first location outside of Chicago. The Erie EvanstonSkokie Health Center is adding exam rooms and medical staff in a move officials say will allow the community health center to serve thousands more patients.

Can Iud Cause Back Pain

Immediate Side Effects After Having a Mirena Inserted. Up to 52 percent of women may experience uterine cramps and vaginal bleeding may occ...